【日程】2024年7月26日（金）
【時間】14時～（1時間程度を予定）
【形式】Zoomによるオンライン開催
【演者】橋彌和秀 （九州大学人間環境学研究院・教授）
【タイトル】Development of Distribution Behavior: 5 to 8 Year Olds Do Not Consider the Recipient’s Consumption History, While Adults Do
【要旨】This study examined resource allocation, one of the fundamental cooperative behaviors in humans. Distribution practices often adhere to specific norms, with fairness and equality being essential aspects. However, the interpretation of fairness can vary, especially when the recipient already possesses resources, sparking ongoing debates in contemporary society. Hayashi’s 2019 research explored how individuals assess distribution behaviors, finding that both adults and children prefer the Equal-Outcome principle, considering recipients’ existing resources, over the Equal-Allocation principle, which promotes equal distribution of new resources. This preference raises next questions about handling resources consumed before the distribution. We employed three-party distribution scenarios where participants distributed resources based on presented stories. It enabled distinguishing Equal-Outcome (Appearance) distribution, considering current recipient-owned resources, from Equal-Outcome (Process) distribution, which accounts for previously consumed resources. Participants included 48 adults and 37 children aged 5-8. They observed an animated sequence where three characters visited three houses, distributing six candies with varying ratios. Then, participants distributed six candies among the characters, assuming the fourth house was their own.
Experiments 1-1 and 2-1 aimed to replicate the Equal-Outcome principle in three-party distribution, while Experiments 1-2 and 2-2 added scenarios where characters consumed candies during visits. Results revealed a preference for specific distribution patterns (EA/EO(A)/EO(P)) among participants, regardless of 28 possible combinations. Both adults and children displayed a bias toward EO distribution in Experiments 1-1 and 2-1. In Experiment 2-1, adults exhibited a mix of EO(A) and EO(P) distribution. In contrast, children primarily adhered to EO(A) distribution in Experiment 2-2, with no EO(P) instances. Interviews confirmed the robust memory of 5-8-year-olds, excluding memory fragility as a factor. To observe EO(P) distribution in adults, cultural and social norm learning may be required post-age 8, at least within contemporary Japanese society. Future research will focus on emergence timelines, cultural factors, and individual characteristics influencing distribution preferences.
【Notes】
* 講演、および質疑応答は日本語でおこなわれます.
*参加費は不要です．
* 問い合わせ 「アフリカ狩猟採集民・農牧民のコンタクトゾーンにおける子育ての生態学的未来構築」
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